What are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are dilated (enlarged) veins that occur in and around the anus and rectum. They may be external (outside the anus) or internal (inside the rectum). Internal hemorrhoids can e felt and seen as lumps or knots while internal hemorrhoids cannot be felt or seen.
What Causes Hemorrhoids?
There are multiple causes of hemorrhoids, which in various ways all cause an increase in pressure in the lower rectum, leading to the dilation (enlargement) of veins. Some common causes include:
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Straining during bowel movements
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Standing position
What are the Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids can produce several uncomfortable, but non-serious problems. These can include:
- Bright red blood (either on the toilet paper or in stool)
- Itching and irritation
- Thrombosis (blood clot) and pain
- Swelling around anus
How are Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?
If hemorrhoids are suspected, an anoscopy, an in-office visual and tactile exam of the anus and rectum, can be performed to determine the presence and extent of internal and/or external hemorrhoids, as well as rule out other conditions.
How are Hemorrhoids Treated?
There are a number of ways to treat hemorrhoids based on the severity, including lifestyle modification, medication, minimally invasive procedures, and surgery.
Lifestyle modification:
- Keep the anal area clean using mild soap after a bowel movement, void vigorous rubbing. Keep the anus as dry as possible and use talcum powder and a pad of soft tissue to absorb moisture.
- Eat a diet high in fiber and roughage. This retains water in the stool so bowel movements are easier to pass.
- When thrombosis pain and tenderness occur, try a 10-20 minute hot tub bath 2-4 times daily (Sitz bath).
Medication:
- Creams and suppositories are available to relieve symptoms of pain and itching
Minimally invasive procedures:
- Hemorrhoid band ligation
- Injection
- Coagulation
Surgery:
- Hemorrhoid removal
- Hemorrhoid stapling
